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In the twenty-first century, the relationship between violent conflict and natural resources has become a matter of intense public and academic debate. As a result of fervent activism and international campaigning, the flagship case of ‘conflict minerals’ has captured global attention. This term groups together the artisanal tin, tantalum (coltan), tungsten and gold originating from war zones in Central Africa. Known as ‘digital minerals’ for their use in high-end technology, their exploitation and trade has been singled out in numerous media and United Nations reports as a key driver of violence, provoking an unprecedented popular outcry and prompting transnational efforts to promote ‘conflict-free’, ethical mining. Focusing on the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Conflict Minerals, Inc. is the first comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. Based on meticulous investigation and long-term fieldwork, this book analyses why the campaign against ‘unethical’ mining went awry, and radically disrupted eastern Congo’s political economy. It dissects the evolution of the conflict minerals paradigm, the policy responses it triggered and their impact on artisanal miners. Vogel demonstrates how Western advocacy and policy have relied on colonial frames to drive change, and how White Saviourism perpetuates structural violence and inequality across global supply and value chains.

Mines and mineral resources --- Violence --- Mines (sites d'extraction) --- Ressources minérales. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Economic aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Aspect économique --- Aspect moral --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Politics and government --- BPB2208 --- mining extraction --- mineral resources --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- mineraalivarat --- resurse minerale --- mineralinių žaliavų ištekliai --- rudno bogatstvo --- minerale reserves --- ορυκτός πλούτος --- nerostné zdroje --- zasoby mineralne --- mineraltillgångar --- minerālu resursi --- Bodenschätze --- ásványi nyersanyagok --- mineralne surovine --- mineralressourcer --- nerastné zdroje --- acmhainn mhianrach --- burime minerare --- maavarad --- riżorsi minerali --- рудни богатства --- risorse minerali --- минерални ресурси --- рудна богатства --- ressource minérale --- recurso mineral --- ressource minière --- minerální zdroje --- mineralni izvori --- минерални суровини --- mineralni resursi --- kalnrūpniecības resursi --- рудни ресурси --- recursos minerais --- surovinové zdroje --- disponibilní zdroje --- rersurse miniere --- recurso minero --- minerale bodemrijkdom --- ťažobné zdroje --- kasybos ištekliai --- risorse minerarie --- μεταλλευτικοί πόροι --- mining resources --- kaivosvarannot --- mineralna sirovina --- mineralische Bodenschätze --- burime minerale --- mineralresurser --- ložiska nerud --- Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta --- Demokratická republika Kongo --- Democratische Republiek Congo --- Демократска Република Конго --- Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Demokratyczna Republika Konga --- Demokratična republika Kongo --- die Demokratische Republik Kongo --- Konžská demokratická republika --- Repubblica democratica del Congo --- Демократична република Конго --- Repubblika Demokratika tal-Kongo --- Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó --- Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Congo, Republica Democratică --- Congo-Kinshasa --- República Democrática del Congo --- Demokratska Republika Kongo --- Den Demokratiske Republik Congo --- Republika Demokratike e Kongos --- Kongo Demokratinė Respublika --- République démocratique du Congo --- Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika --- Demokratiska republiken Kongo --- Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Kinšasa --- Kongo DV --- Kongo (Leopoldville) --- Kongo (býv. Zair) --- Конго Слободна Држава --- Конго Киншаса --- Kinshasa Kongo --- Zair --- Zairas --- Ζαΐρ --- República Democrática do Congo --- Заир --- Κογκό Κινσάσα --- Beļģijas Kongo --- Kinshasa --- Congo Kinshasa --- Конго-Киншаса --- Zaire --- Zaïre --- Republica Congoleză --- Kongo (Kinshasa) --- ex Zaire --- Република Конго (Леополдвил) --- Белгиско Конго --- Zaira --- Kongo-Kinshasa --- Congo belgian --- Kongo Kinshasa --- Kinshasan Kongo --- Kinshasské Kongo --- Zairská republika --- důlní dobývání --- nxjerrje mineralesh --- iežguve --- ископавање руде --- iškasenų gavyba --- ископување минерални суровини --- winning van delfstoffen --- extraction minière --- eksploatacja górnicza --- izkopavanje rude --- извличане на руда --- estrazione mineraria --- extracción minera --- kaevandamine --- bergbauliche Förderung --- bányakitermelés --- estrazzjoni tal-minjieri --- vađenje mineralnih sirovina --- ťažobné dobývanie --- udvinding af mineprodukter --- εξόρυξη --- eastóscadh mianadóireachta --- extração mineira --- minerit --- utvinning av malm --- louhinta --- ekstrakcija mineralnih sirovina --- tecnica estrattiva --- malmbrytningsteknik --- kitermelő ipar --- техники на вадење руда --- brydnings- og udvindingsteknik --- μεταλλευτικός τομέας --- industrie extractive --- banský priemysel --- técnica de extracción minera --- industri e nxjerrjeve të mineraleve --- frantumazione --- naudingųjų iškasenų gavybos būdas --- knusning --- dobývání nerostných surovin --- индустрија за вадење минерали --- bergbauliche Fördertechnik --- pridobivanje mineralnih sirovina --- ископување руда --- técnica de extração mineira --- nyersanyag-kitermelő technika --- technique d'extraction minière --- mining extraction technique --- nyersanyag-kitermelő ipar --- extracção mineira --- industria extractiva --- technika dobývání --- maavarade kaevandamine --- kalnrūpniecības šahtu iekārtas --- technologie dobývání --- indústria extrativa --- mijnbouw --- louhintateollisuus --- tehnici de extracție a minereurilor --- mineral extraction industry --- louhintatekniikka --- μέθοδοι εξόρυξης --- εξορυκτικός τομέας --- mineralinių žaliavų pramonė --- teknikë e nxjerrjeve të mineraleve --- kaevandamistehnika --- ťažobná technika --- industria de extracție a minereurilor --- Economic sociology --- Polemology --- Kivu --- Mine et minerais --- Aspects économiques --- Aspects moraux et éthiques --- natuurlijke grondstoffen

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"Is Gaia becoming Thanatia, a resource exhausted planet? For how long can our high-tech society be sustained in the light of declining mineral ore grades, heavy dependence on un-recycled critical metals and accelerated material dispersion? These are all root causes of future disruptions that need to be addressed today.This book presents a cradle-to-cradle view of the Earth's abiotic resources through a novel and rigorous approach based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics: heat dissipates and materials deteriorate and disperse. Quality is irreversibly lost. This allows for the assessment of such depletion and can be used to estimate the year where production of the main mineral commodities could reach its zenith. By postulating Thanatia, one acquires a sense of destiny and a concern for a unified global management of the planet's abiotic resource endowment. The book covers the core aspects of geology, geochemistry, mining, metallurgy, economics, the environment, thermodynamics and thermochemistry. It is supported by comprehensive databases related to mineral resources, including detailed compositions of the Earth's layers, thermochemical properties of over 300 substances, historical energy and mineral resource inventories, energy consumption and environmental impacts in the mining and metallurgical sector and world recycling rates of commodities."--Publisher.

Geology, Economic. --- Mines and mineral resources. --- Laws of thermodynamics. --- Laws, Thermodynamic --- Thermodynamic laws --- Physical laws --- Thermodynamics --- Economic geology --- Physical geology --- Mines and mineral resources --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- geology. --- mineral resources. --- mining industry. --- environmental impact. --- thermodynamics. --- clean technology. --- tiszta technológia --- čistá technológia --- teicneolaíocht ghlan --- čisté technologie --- tecnología limpia --- tecnologia limpa --- švarioji technologija --- teknologji e pastër --- tīra tehnoloģija --- keskkonnasäästlik tehnoloogia --- ren teknik --- чиста технологија --- čista tehnologija --- чиста технология --- tehnologii ecologice --- schone technologie --- czysta technologia --- ren teknologi --- saubere Technologie --- καθαρές τεχνολογίες --- technologie propre --- saastuttamaton tekniikka --- tecnologia pulita --- teknoloġija nadifa --- environmentálne udržateľné technológie --- videi nekaitīga tehnoloģija --- technologia środowiskowa --- technologie verte --- schone industrie --- green technology --- tecnologia de baixas emissões de carbono --- környezetkímélő technológia --- tehnologie cu emisii reduse de dioxid de carbon --- tehnologie durabilă din punct de vedere ecologic --- tecnologia ambiental --- τεχνολογίες χαμηλών εκπομπών διοξειδίου του άνθρακα --- технология с ниски емисии на CO2 --- teknologji me karbon të pakët --- tecnología no contaminante --- tecnología baja en carbono --- vähähiilinen teknologia --- teknologji e qëndrushme për mjedisin --- vähem CO2-heidet tekitav tehnoloogia --- okoljska tehnologija --- industrie propre --- jäätmevaene tehnoloogia --- zelená technologie --- keskkonnahoidlik tehnoloogia --- ekologické technologie --- groene technologie --- roheline tehnoloogia --- tehnologie ecologică --- tehnologija z majhnimi emisijami CO2 --- écotechnologie --- technológia s nízkymi emisiami CO2 --- ekoloģiski tīra tehnoloģija --- Technologie mit geringen Kohlendioxid- Emissionen --- industri e pastër --- industria pulita --- teknoloġija b'livell baxx ta' emissjonijiet ta' CO2 --- technologie s nízkými emisemi oxidu uhličitého --- еколошки чиста технологија --- zemas CO2 emisijas tehnoloģija --- tecnología baja en dióxido de carbono --- екологично устойчива технология --- fenntartható technológia --- grön teknik --- teknoloġija ekoloġikament sostenibbli --- duurzame technologie --- videi draudzīga rūpniecības nozare --- tecnología verde --- miljømæssig bæredygtig teknologi --- ren industri --- tecnologia ambientale --- milieutechnologie --- tehnologija z majhnimi emisijami ogljikovega dioksida --- environmentálna technológia --- Umwelttechnologie --- tecnología ambiental --- vähäpäästöinen teknologia --- tehnologija zaštite okoliša --- tiszta termelési folyamat --- περιβαλλοντικώς αειφόρες τεχνολογίες --- vihreä teknologia --- tehnologie de mediu --- tīrās rūpniecības nozare --- mažaatliekė technologija --- teknoloġija ambjentali --- indústria limpa --- sauberes Produktionsverfahren --- umweltfreundliche Technologie --- technológia s nízkymi emisiami oxidu uhličitého --- zaļā tehnoloģija --- zöld technológia --- grøn teknologi --- ekološki održiva tehnologija --- žalioji technologija --- technologie s nízkými emisemi CO2 --- low waste technology --- švari technologija --- vähese süsinikdioksiidiheitega tehnoloogia --- ekologiškos technologijos --- ekorūpniecība --- teknologji me mbetje të ulët --- μη ρυπαίνουσα τεχνολογία --- puhas tehnoloogia --- videi nekaitīga ilgtspējīga tehnoloģija --- πράσινη τεχνολογία --- ympäristöä säästävä teknologia --- технология с ниски нива на въглеродни емисии --- környezetvédelmi szempontból megfelelő technológia --- technologie environnementale --- екологосъобразна технология --- teknologi med lav CO2-emission --- nízkoodpadová technológia --- καθαρή βιομηχανία --- περιβαλλοντική τεχνολογία --- technologie non polluante --- ekotehnoloģija --- екологична технология --- καθαρή τεχνολογία --- säästev tehnoloogia --- environmental technology --- environmentální technologie --- mahetehnoloogia --- bezatkritumu tehnoloģija --- hållbar teknik --- tehnologija s niskom razinom ugljika --- umweltschonende Technologie --- teknoloġija b'livell baxx ta' emissjonijiet ta' diossidu tal-karbonju --- zielona technologia --- renere teknologi --- teknologji e pranueshme nga mjedisi --- koolstofarme technologie --- tecnologia ecologicamente sustentável --- vähän saastuttava teknologia --- Technologie mit geringen CO2 -Emissionen --- tecnologia de baixo carbono --- tecnologia hipocarbónica --- τεχνολογίες χαμηλών εκπομπών CO2 --- miljövänlig teknik --- zelená technológia --- industria limpia --- πράσινες τεχνολογίες --- ympäristöä säästävä tekniikka --- ekologická výroba --- nízkoodpadová technologie --- tecnología sostenible ecológicamente --- tecnologia non inquinante --- okoljsko trajnostna energija --- clean industry --- tecnología de reducción de desperdicios --- mažo anglies dioksido kiekio technologija --- čistá technologie --- tecnologia ecológica --- mazatkritumu tehnoloģija --- tecnologia a basse emissioni di carbonio --- környezetbarát technológia --- technologia o niskiej emisji dwutlenku węgla --- ekologická technologie --- švarioji pramonė --- tehnologija koja ne zagađuje --- зелена технологија --- технология с ниски емисии на въглероден диоксид --- teknoloġija ekoloġika --- cleantech --- technologia ekologiczna --- нисковъглеродна технология --- nízkouhlíkové technológie --- ekološka proizvodnja --- puhdas teknologia --- nizkoogljična tehnologija --- aplinkosaugos technologija --- zelena tehnologija --- tiszta ipar --- tehnologie curată --- οικολογικά αειφόρες τεχνολογίες --- tecnologia verde --- vides tehnoloģija --- tehnologie verde --- alacsony szén-dioxid-kibocsátású technológia --- ökologisch nachhaltige Technologie --- nízkouhlíková technologie --- zemas oglekļa emisijas tehnoloģija --- environmentally sound technology --- udržitelná technologie --- grüne Technologie --- environmentally sustainable technology --- low-carbon technology --- технологија со намалена емисија на јаглерод диоксид --- technologia niskoemisyjna --- tecnologia sostenibile --- tecnologia de baixas emissões de dióxido de carbono --- koldioxidsnål teknik --- termodinámica --- termodinâmica --- termodinamica --- termodynamika --- Thermodynamik --- termodynamiikka --- termodinamikë --- teirmidinimic --- termodünaamika --- θερμοδυναμική --- termodinamika --- thermodynamica --- termodinamică --- thermodynamique --- termodynamik --- термодинамика --- феноменолошка термодинамика --- termika --- статистичка термодинамика --- термодинамички принципи --- vliv na životní prostředí --- invloed op het milieu --- impatt ambjentali --- tionchar ar an gcomhshaol --- επίπτωση στο περιβάλλον --- влијание врз животната средина --- ndikim në mjedis --- vpliv na okolje --- impact sur l'environnement --- impacto ambiental --- ympäristövaikutus --- ietekme uz vidi --- környezeti hatás --- poveikis aplinkai --- utjecaj na okoliš --- miljöpåverkan --- impatto ambientale --- impact asupra mediului --- Auswirkung auf die Umwelt --- miljøindvirkning --- keskkonnamõju --- wpływ na środowisko --- ekologický dosah --- въздействие на околната среда --- утицај на животну средину --- balanço ecológico --- miljöavtryck --- ekoloģiskais novērtējums --- ekobalancë --- ecobalanço --- effetti sull'ambiente --- vides pēdas nospiedums --- keskkonnajalajälg --- mer --- miljökonsekvensbeskrivning --- ślad środowiskowy --- aplinkosauginis pėdsakas --- miljøopgørelse --- vlerësim ekologjik --- ekološka procjena --- huella ambiental --- miljøvurdering --- balance ecológico --- efect ambiental --- effet environnemental --- περιβαλλοντικό αποτύπωμα --- milieueffect --- vides novērtējums --- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung --- еколошки ефект --- miljøvirkning --- ökológiai mérleg --- écobilan --- milieuvoetafdruk --- ecological assessment --- efecto sobre el medio ambiente --- environmental assessment --- impronta ambientale --- vides ietekmēšana --- környezetihatás-tanulmány --- avaliação ambiental --- Verträglichkeitsprüfung --- ökológiai vizsgálat --- ekologinis balansas --- impronta ambjentali --- indvirkning på miljøet --- miljøbelastning --- bilanț ecologic --- effect on the environment --- conséquence sur l'environnement --- environmental footprint --- environmentálna stopa --- ecologische balans --- evaluare ecologică --- bilan écologique --- milieueffectrapport --- conséquence environnementale --- effekt på miljön --- Umweltwirkung --- efekt mjedisor --- miljöanalys --- еколошко влијание --- ympäristöarvio --- συνέπεια στο περιβάλλον --- mõju keskkonnale --- miljøaftryk --- effet sur l'environnement --- evaluación medioambiental --- valutazione dell'impatto ambientale --- επίδραση στο περιβάλλον --- Umweltimpakt --- bilancio ecologico --- оценка на влијанието врз животната средина --- environmental effect --- ekoloģiskā bilance --- ekologinis įvertinimas --- tionchar comhshaoil --- amprentă de mediu --- ökologische Bilanz --- efekti mbi mjedis --- οικολογικός ισολογισμός --- отпечатък върху околната среда --- okoljski odtis --- miljöbedömning --- ecobilancio --- empreinte environnementale --- eco-balance --- incidence environnementale --- lorg comhshaoil --- vaikutus ympäristöön --- environmentálny vplyv --- effett ambjentali --- incidence sur l'environnement --- efect asupra mediului --- konsekvenser for miljøet --- efeito no meio ambiente --- ekotase --- keskkonnamõju hindamine --- ympäristöjalanjälki --- Impaktstudie --- EIA --- virkning på miljøet --- vplyv na životné prostredie --- environmentální stopa --- Umweltbilanz --- ecobalance --- környezeti lábnyom --- pasqyrë ekologjike --- hodnocení vlivů na životní prostředí --- miljøstatus --- inverkan på miljön --- Umweltimpaktstudie --- évaluation environnementale --- ekologický vliv --- pegada ambiental --- evaluare de mediu --- aplinkos įvertinimas --- ecological balance sheet --- környezetihatás-vizsgálat --- keskkonnahinnang --- ekobilance --- ekologinen tase --- περιβαλλοντική αξιολόγηση --- vlerësim mjedisor --- ökotasakaal --- UVP --- Ökobilanz --- rudarska industrija --- górnictwo --- těžební průmysl --- industria mineraria --- industria minera --- ťažobný priemysel --- εξορυκτική βιομηχανία --- rudarstvo --- tionscal mianadóireachta --- kasybos pramonė --- iežguves rūpniecība --- bányászat --- Bergbau --- mijnindustrie --- industrie minière --- industri e minierave --- industrija tal-minjieri --- минна индустрия --- industrie minieră --- gruvindustri --- mäetööstus --- kaivosteollisuus --- indústria mineira --- mineindustri --- рударство --- рударска индустрија --- báňský průmysl --- industria estrattiva --- hornictví --- Montanindustrie --- grubedrift --- mijnbouwindustrie --- руди --- důlní průmysl --- рудник --- industrija rudarstva --- hornický průmysl --- bjergværksdrift --- фосилни горива --- минерали --- mineraalivarat --- resurse minerale --- mineralinių žaliavų ištekliai --- rudno bogatstvo --- minerale reserves --- ορυκτός πλούτος --- nerostné zdroje --- zasoby mineralne --- mineraltillgångar --- minerālu resursi --- Bodenschätze --- ásványi nyersanyagok --- mineralne surovine --- mineralressourcer --- nerastné zdroje --- acmhainn mhianrach --- burime minerare --- maavarad --- riżorsi minerali --- рудни богатства --- risorse minerali --- минерални ресурси --- рудна богатства --- ressource minérale --- recurso mineral --- ressource minière --- minerální zdroje --- mineralni izvori --- минерални суровини --- mineralni resursi --- kalnrūpniecības resursi --- рудни ресурси --- recursos minerais --- surovinové zdroje --- disponibilní zdroje --- rersurse miniere --- recurso minero --- minerale bodemrijkdom --- ťažobné zdroje --- kasybos ištekliai --- risorse minerarie --- μεταλλευτικοί πόροι --- mining resources --- kaivosvarannot --- mineralna sirovina --- mineralische Bodenschätze --- burime minerale --- mineralresurser --- ložiska nerud --- геологија --- γεωλογία --- геология --- ġeoloġija --- geología --- geologi --- geológia --- geoloogia --- geologia --- géologie --- gjeologji --- geolaíocht --- geologie --- ģeoloģija --- Geologie --- geologija --- estudo geológico --- studi geologici --- tektonika --- cercetări geologice --- tectonică --- ložisková geologie --- ģeoloģiskā izpēte --- studim gjeologjik --- tektoonika --- geologisk studie --- geološko istraživanje --- τεκτονική γεωλογία --- strukturní geologie --- földtan --- tectónica --- geologinen tutkimus --- tektoniikka --- geologisk undersøgelse --- geoloogiline uurimus --- тектоника --- studii geologice --- γεωλογική μελέτη --- Tektonik --- geological survey --- tektoniek --- tectonique --- tettonica --- geologinis tyrimas --- regionální geologie --- tektonik --- tectonics --- geological study --- étude géologique --- tektonikë --- geologinis žvalgymas --- paleontologie --- estudio geológico